USE ONLY HEALTHY LEAVES AND TRIMMINGS FOR COMPOST MAKING
 
* DECIDUOUS TREES & SHRUBS
    - Continue to water properly until winter
    - After leaves have dropped, rake them
           up and save for compost making
    - Before the ground freezes, apply
          Espoma Tree-Tone fertilizer
* EVERGREEN TREES & SHRUBS
    - Continue to water properly until winter
    - Before the ground freezes, apply Espoma  Holly-Tone fertilizer at ½ the
         recommended rate
   - Spray leafy evergreens ( rhododendrons, boxwood ect.) with  ‘Wilt-Pruf’, to protect
        foliage, spray again midwinter when temperature is above 40 degrees
* PERENNIALS
    - After the first hard frost, cut back the foliage
    - For fall bird feeding, leave standing:
        Ornamental grasses
        Coneflower
        Black eyed Susan
    - Divide early blooming perennials if needed (ground phlox ect.)
    - After the ground is frozen, mulch with leaves or pine needles
 * ROSES
    - In LATE fall, after the soil is frozen, mulch well and deeply around the base using
         leaves or compost
    - Trim any long canes
   - If desired, cover with a rose cone, burlap, bushel basket or shrub frame
  * VEGETABLE GARDEN
      - After frost, remove blackened plants ( destroy if there were insect or disease
         problems)
      -Turn over the soil and add compost or composted cow manure
      - If desired plant a cover crop ( winter rye)
   
   * TENDER BULBS 
     - Lift or harvest tender annual bulbs for planting next season( gladiolas, dahlias ect.)
         dig carefully, leaving foliage intact, place bulbs to dry in an airy sheltered spot
         for 2-3 weeks, then cut off stems and foliage and store in a cool, dry, dark place
  *ANNUALS
     - Remove blackened plants after frost
  * LAWN
     - Rake leaves or use a mulching mower
      -Apply final fertilizer by the end of October
  * SPRING FLOWERING BULBS
     -Time to get planting!

RESOURCES:
David Beaulieu landscaping guide HTTP/landscaping.about.com
Dr.Leonard Perry- University of Vermont
Ronald Smith-University of North Dakota
The staff at Bedford Fields